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Map showing the territorial gains (darker shades) of Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece, primarily at the expense of Turkey, agreed in the Treaty of Bucharest following the Second Balkan War. Despite its gains, Bulgaria also lost territory to both Romania and Turkey.
The American cruiser Brooklyn in Vladivostok harbor, Russia in a 1919 Czech Legion photograph. The Legion consisted of Austro-Hungarian Czechs taken prisoner by the Russians, then organized to fight for Czech independence. With peace on the Russian front, they went east to leave Russia from Vladivostok, sometimes fighting their way through the Red Guard defending the Revolution. The Americans, British, and Japanese had forces in the city.
A medal suspended on a green triangular ribbon with red stripes, bleeds. The medal reads 'Laeso Militibi' (or 'Militiri') MDCCCCXVIII (1918). Beneath the medal is written 'M?gegy', Another, or One More.The image is based on the Austro-Hungarian wound medal which was instituted under Kaiser Karl whose profile is on the obverse. The red stripes indicate the number of wounds, three in this case. The actual medal reads 'Laeso Militi', To the Wounded Soldier (Latin), and shows the year as MCMXVIII.The card was sent to Franz Moritos, and is postmarked Budapest, Hungary, November 16, 1918.
Map of the Marne front line on May 31, 1918 from Belleau Wood to Dormans, where the French and Americans stopped the German advance of 1918. From The History of The A.E.F. by Shipley Thomas.
Panorama of the Western theater of war 1914/15 from Compiègne to Arras, with the North Sea coast in the distance.
"The man who had talked best sense to him in Salonika was Prince Regent Alexander, and on June 28 (Serbia's National Day and the fourth anniversary of the Sarajevo assassination) Franchet d'Esperey set out for the Serbian front in the special headquarters' train which had been fitted out by Sarrail two years previously and hardly used. With d'Esperey traveled the Voivode Mišić, the general whose men had stormed the Kajmakcalan and who was now to replace Bojović as Serbian chief of staff." ((1), more)
"The first victories gained by the Czecho-Slavs over the Bolsheviks were at Penza and Samara. Penza was captured by them after three days' fighting at the end of May. Later the Czecho-Slavs also took Sysran on the Volga, Kazan with its large arsenal, Simbirsk and Yekaterinburg, connecting Tcheliabinsk with Petrograd, and occupied practically the whole Volga region.In Siberia they defeated a considerable force of German-Magyar ex-prisoners in Krasnoyarsk and Omsk and established themselves firmly in Udinsk. On June 29, [1918] 15,000 Czecho-Slavs under General Diderichs, after handing an ultimatum to the Bolsheviks at Vladivostok, occupied the city without much resistance. Only at one spot fighting took place and some 160 Bolsheviks were killed. The Czecho-Slavs, assisted by Japanese and Allied troops, then proceeded to the north and northwest, while the Bolsheviks and German prisoners retreated to Chabarovsk." ((2), more)
"The greater part of the 100,000 men we have lost on the Piave was composed of Hungarians. We have no exact information as to the proportion of nationalities, but the descriptions of the battle show us that the Hungarians were in the center of the melée. The Hungarian regiments have been sacrificed. It matters little to us that the enemy losses have been superior to ours. Our grief is sore indeed when we think that we have suffered the loss of hundreds of thousands of men, at the end of the fourth year of the war." ((3), more)
"The 3rd Brigade (9th and 23rd Infantry Regiments) during these twenty days, held the sectors assigned to it, and co-operated in various attacks, until the morning of July 1, when a battalion from each regiment, supported by the 12th, 15th and 17th Artillery Regiments, in conjunction with the French who were attacking to their right, captured the village of Vaux and the Bois-de-la-Roche.This put the Allied lines on the dominant ground from Château-Thierry westward, including Hill 204, Vaux, Bouresches, and Belleau Wood." ((4), more)
"The Battalion returned to the Camp at Forceville. Acheux housed the Divisional baths and the Canteen. In and round it there was a concentration of heavy stuff, large-calibred naval guns, that made conditions in the area most unpleasant at all times. During the day an extra heavy shelling cost the Battalion two of its best N.C.Os., Sergeants Mills and Jones. In a fine endeavour to rescue some wounded officers of another unit from a shelled billet Mills was killed and Jones died of wounds. Mills had been the very capable manager of the Canteen from its start, and Jones was the Medical Officer's right-hand man." ((5), more)
(1) French General Louis Franchet d'Esperey was sent to the Salonica Front after being assigned blame for the stunning German advance of the Aisne (Blücher) Offensive in May, 1918. He followed Generals Guillaumat and Maurice Sarrail commanding an Allied line that included French, British, Italian, and Serbian troops. Salonika was the Allied base in Greece. Prince Regent Alexander was acting head of state and heir to the throne of Serbia. The assassination of Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 was the act that led to the war in little more than a month. A Voivode is a Serbian Field Marshal.
The Gardeners of Salonika by Alan Palmer, page 187, copyright © 1965 by A. W. Palmer, publisher: Simon and Schuster, publication date: 1965
(2) Excerpt by Vladimir Nosek, author of Independent Bohemia: an Account of the Czechoslovakian Struggle for Independence, and diplomatic representative of Czecho-Slovakia in Great Britain. The fault lines in the Austro-Hungarian Empire deepened and widened at the war progressed, as casualties mounted, as shortages of food and fuel bit. Czech prisoners of war held in Russia formed a Czech Legion fighting alongside Imperial Russian troops against Austria-Hungary. After the Bolshevik Revolution and peace between Russia and the Central Powers, these Legionnaires would make their way eastward to the Pacific port of Vladivostok in the next stage of a journey to circle the globe to return them home to fight for an independent Czecho-Slovak state.
The Great Events of the Great War in Seven Volumes by Charles F. Horne, Vol. VI, 1918, pp. 150–151, copyright © 1920 by The National Alumnia, publisher: The National Alumni, publication date: 1920
(3) Excerpt from the Budapest newspaper Az Est of June 30, 1918, quoted by Henri Kervarec, French official observer, in his account of the Second Battle of the Piave. The offensive was launched by the Austro-Hungarians on June 15, 1918 along a front from the Asiago Plateau to the Adriatic Sea. The Austro-Hungarians suffered approximately 120,000 casualties in the battle.
The Great Events of the Great War in Seven Volumes by Charles F. Horne, Vol. VI, 1918, p. 220, copyright © 1920 by The National Alumnia, publisher: The National Alumni, publication date: 1920
(4) The American assault by U.S Marines and Army infantry to take Belleau Wood began on June 6, 1918 against well-entrenched German defenders. The battle continued for three weeks.
The History of The A.E.F. by Shipley Thomas, page 95, copyright © 1920, by George H. Doran Company, publisher: George H. Doran Company, publication date: 1920
(5) Excerpt from the entry for July 2, 1918 from the writings — diaries, letters, and memoirs — of Captain J. C. Dunn, Medical Officer of the Second Battalion His Majesty's Twenty-Third Foot, the Royal Welch Fusiliers, and fellow soldiers who served with him. Forceville, France is between Arras and Amiens, north of the Somme River.
The War the Infantry Knew 1914-1919 by Captain J.C. Dunn, page 496, copyright © The Royal Welch Fusiliers 1987, publisher: Abacus (Little, Brown and Company, UK), publication date: 1994
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